The “caloric balance” concept for obesity management is obsolete and ineffective, as described in the literature review by the legendary “Micky Stunkard” during the mid-20th century. Among hundreds of obesity studies, the outcomes are remarkably poor, with potential harmful emotional effects.
Our recent paper suggested that the disrupted “ Metabolic Tempo” in modern-day lifestyle contributes to the current prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD). The restoration of all tempo attributes through the combined diet-, time-, and calorie-restricted interventions could be the preferred strategy for NCD management as compared to the conventional “calorie in, calorie out” model.
Tippairote, T., Bjørklund, G., & Yaovapak, A. (2021). The continuum of disrupted metabolic tempo, mitochondrial substrate congestion, and metabolic gridlock toward the development of non-communicable diseases. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1907299
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