A fascinating review in Diabetes & Metabolism Journal explores how mitochondrial stress responses (MSR) shape metabolic health, aging, and disease!
⚡ MSR (Mitochondrial Stress Response) is the powerhouse's self-defense mechanism, restoring function through:
✔ UPRmt (Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response)
✔ Mitophagy (removing damaged mitochondria)
✔ Metabolic reprogramming
✔ Mitokine signaling – systemic messengers that influence metabolism!
🔥 Within this, ISRmt (Mitochondrial ISR) acts as a subset of MSR, activating the ISR (Integrated Stress Response) through DELE1-HRI-eIF2α-ATF4, leading to targeted gene expression. 🧠💡
💥 What happens next?
FGF21 & GDF15, powerful mitokines, are secreted to signal stress to the rest of the body—regulating metabolism, appetite, and even longevity! 🏋️♂️🍏
🔍 Why does this matter?
✅ Targeting MSR, ISRmt, & mitokines offers promising therapies for metabolic diseases (T2D, obesity, NASH) & aging-related conditions.
✅ Exercise & fasting naturally activate MSR, helping maintain mitochondrial resilience & metabolic flexibility.
🧬 Mitochondria are not just powerhouses—they are cellular command centers shaping whole-body health. This research is paving the way for next-gen therapeutics targeting mitochondrial signaling! 🚀
💭 What do you think about mitochondria as metabolic regulators?
👇👇 Zhang, B., Chang, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Ju, S.-H., Yi, H.-S., & Shong, M. (2024). Mitochondrial stress and mitokines: Therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 48(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0115
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